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Women in games: A mini guide to working and thriving in the video game industry
By Daniela Capistrano / @dcap
"The single most important thing you can do [to break into the industry] is to make games - even if it’s a mod of a game that you love. Get together with other people and build a game."—Amy Jo Kim, CEO at ShuffleBrain and Game Designer, Author and EducatorSo, you’re a girl and you love video games: twenty years ago this would have been unusual but today almost everyone in the U.S. is a gamer: a 2011 survey indicated that 72 percent of households play video games and the number is growing. A 2013 study revealed that women comprise 45% of the gamer population. Women 18 or older represent a significantly greater portion of the game-playing population (31%) than boys age 17 or younger (19%). The struggle: why few women go from gamer to creator Unfortunately the video game industry is remarkably less diverse; The Boston Globe reports that women account for only 11 percent of game designers and 3 percent of programmers. Gender discrimination still exists both in how games are made and who gets to make them. Not only do we need more female characters in video games, we need more women and girls to create games. Women still struggle with making a living and being respected in the video game industry. A 2012 Twitter discussion among women working in games (#1reasonwhy) pointed out that sexist practices, workplace harassment and unequal pay for men and women was common.Â
There is, after all, a reason that #1reasonwhy is still a relevant hashtag. :(
— Robin Burks (@sunriserobin) March 5, 2014
There's a 27 percent gap in average incomes, with women making $68,062 versus men at $86,418, according to Game Developer Magazine's 2011 annual salary survey.
More roles for women in games
Men historically have had more influence within the industry, but the culture is changing. Female programmers are in demand and more women are taking advantage of video game design programs at universities across the nation. Reuters reports that the number of women hired by game companies has tripled since 2009, according to recruiting firm VonChurch.
To find out what it takes to succeed in the video game industry, Daniela Capistrano spoke with some of the leading women in video games. The result is this mini guide for girls and women of all ages who want a career making and contributing to gaming culture.
If you're a guy and you stumbled across this, welcome! There's plenty of relevant information here for you too.
DISCLOSURE: Despite its length, this article full of industry tips and online resources is called a mini guide because it only represents a third of what Daniela uncovered. To unhide all the goodies hidden within this guide, click the "show/hide" buttons.
The beginning: prepare yourself for a job in the industry
Women of all backgrounds have the opportunity to thrive in the video game industry while changing the way that women and people of color are represented in games - but they need the skills, personal habits and networks that will support their career goals.
Students: Do not believe the myth that boys are better than girls in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) - it’s not true. While STEM skills are helpful in the video game industry and female programmers are needed, you don’t need to know how to code to work in video games (but consider learning anyway!).
If you want to make video games, start doing it now and teach yourself about the video game industry. Find ways to make learning fun and practice your developing talents. The path to a successful career in video games (regardless of gender) is similar to what’s required in most industries: being self-motivated, asking questions, learning/applying the necessary skills and finding peers and working professionals willing to offer guidance and mentorship.
We’ll explore how to do all these things further in this mini guide.
College grads and women in other industries: Don’t be discouraged if you didn’t excel at STEM in school, don’t know how to code or don’t have a degree in Computer Science. If you are passionate about video games and want to work in the industry, there are many opportunities for you to apply the skills you’ve attained through other work experiences.
If a kid can make games, so can you (watch this inspiring clip of Globaloria students)!
Some video game positions require more advanced technical skills than others, but all require the commitment to understanding how the industry works, where it’s headed and what you’re best suited to do to support the creation of video games.
"As an industry we’re very male centric but that is changing ... I’ve heard people make arguments against why it’s important to have women in the industry. I counter with this: why would diversity make the industry worse? Different perspectives within games - and within actual game creation - is nothing but a good thing." - Shana T. Bryant, Senior Associate Producer at CapcomNot sure where to start? Get inspired! Learn more about what your options are by studying the people who are already excelling in the industry. Here are three women with impressive careers in video games who are leading innovation:
“With game engine programming, we program a completely self-consistent world with photons traversing through game materials in just the right way, with faces and bodies acting and reacting just so, and every extra bit of engineering effort we put forth, we make the gaming immersion just this much deeper and richer for the player playing the game. It is a very mentally fulfilling sort of career.â€While being interviewed by Channel 9, Corrine described how she transitioned from a hobbyist to a professional programmer:
“I’ve loved programming computers ever since I first saw and touched one, which was the Apple II. It was before the personal computer revolution and so a lot of it was I’d basically go to universities and try to borrow time on the really big mainframes. I also tried to work for colleges, as well as for scientific communities … One of the first professional jobs I had was programming punch cards … I loved [programming] so much I just went out of my way to seek out opportunities where i could either do it for free or for a job.â€Amy Jo Kim, CEO at ShuffleBrain and Game Designer, Author and Educator Follow on LinkedIn, Tumblr, Twitter @amyjokim, About.me, and browse her presentations on Slideshare Dr. Kim is an internationally recognized expert in online social architecture and a designer of social games and communities. Her client history includes Electronic Arts, Sony, Disney, eBay, MTV, Square/Enix, and numerous startups. Her influential book, Community Building on the Web, is required reading in universities and game companies around the world. In her spare time, Amy Jo is an in-demand speaker at events around the world, analyzing gamification trends, game mechanics, online communities and more. Here is some of the advice she shared with Daniela Capistrano: Make games.
“Learning how to code is part of 21st century literacy. The single most important thing you can do [to break into the industry] is to make games - even if it’s a mod of a game that you love. Get together with other people and build a game. Maybe you’ll code or do the art, or manage the spreadsheet for the assets. People who already built their own games get interviews. [Employers] don’t want someone who is just an idea person or a talker. Build something, learn from it and then try building something else. In video games, you have to have a personality of a builder.â€Follow the industry and see where you can contribute.
“The games industry is being radically transformed right now. Mobile platforms and Facebook games have transformed where revenue growth is. It’s all in mobile, online and social. Consoles are holding down the fort but that is shrinking, and in all growth areas there are just as many females as males. The next 5-10 years of opportunity in gaming are going to be in these growth areas where there will be opportunity for people to reinvent what a game is for a very different audience from when traditional gaming started.â€Draw from your own experiences.
â€Females are uniquely suited to understand collaborative gaming and to create collaborative games. There is big opportunity for females as designers and creators of games that guys would never think to build.â€Watch Amy Jo give her Ignite talk at Google I/O 2012 on collaborative gaming and the latest trends (43:15 in). Elonka Dunin: Executive Producer and General Manager of Online Community at Simutronics Corporation Follow on Twitter @ElonkaDunin, browse her website and play “Scales of Justice,†the flash game she created in 48 hours at the St. Louis Game Jam in April, 2012 Like all of the women referenced in this mini-guide, Ms. Dunin has contributed much to culture beyond gaming. In addition to working at Simutronics (an online games company) since 1990, she is an active public speaker as well as a founding member of the International Game Developers Association's Online Games SIG, co-Director of the Global Game Jam, on the Board of Directors for the building of a new National Museum of Cryptology and taught government agents about cryptography to track Al Qaeda! In her interview with Capistrano, Elonka explained why attending game jams is a fun way to build your skills and your network:
“There is something for everyone at a game jam. I saw an eight year old come with his dad and his job was to search online for sound effects, someone’s mom came and since she had a marketing background, we had her write up a blog post about the game jam. One woman came in with no hands - she’s an artist and we used her art in a couple of games. There is something for everyone to do. It’s a great way to learn how to create a game, as part of team, in a rapid prototyping environment. All you have to do is try it; don’t worry about whether or not you’re going to be perfect.â€Elonka manages the intern program at Simutronics and revealed the qualities she’s looking for:
“If you want to program, you need to go in the interview and be able to say ‘I want to be a programmer and I work at it every night, I’m always learning.’ That is the person we’re more likely to hire, who has that passion. If someone came to me and said ‘I want to be an executive producer, I want your job,’ I would say ‘learn everything you can about all the different skills that it takes to make games and what a project manager does. Learn excellent communication and time management skills. Take classes in project management and accounting. Don’t try to pretend you’re good at everything; if an applicant says ‘I’m really good at this,’ it’s more real.â€Elonka also cautioned readers to make sure that a career in video games is what you really want:
“Figure out what you enjoy doing, what your passion is. Don’t go to the game industry if it’s not your passion to make games; if you have don’t have a passion for it you won’t be happy. Find what you love, work really hard at it and enjoy it and the job will follow you.â€
“I always let myself be curious - even get distracted - when something moves me. I follow blogs on strange photography, infinity and fractals, bizarre fashion trends; things that foster different emotions. When I design, I always start with emotions, sensations, revelations - what do I want players to feel, see, learn? I love paradox and juxtaposition, anything that forces your brain to think in a new way or make unexpected connections. I love going out to quiet places: parks and natural settings. Whenever my throat gets tight - something literally takes my breath away - then I know I should capture or try to understand it. Good game design revolves around creating evocative experiences.“ - Chelsea Howe, Director of Design at SuperBetter LabsMore thoughts on how curiosity informs skill-building:
“I still constantly play games and evaluate all the new platforms. I started on the Apple II and the latest platforms are social networks, ios devices and tablets - intellectual curiosity. I remember when I first started playing Facebook games in 2007 and 2008, being fascinated with asynchronistic gameplay with people. It was really intellectually fascinating to me, this new demographic.†- Brenda Garno Brathwaite, Loot Drop co-founder and award-winning game designer and author
“There was no career path laid out, no game design major or a graphical interface for the Internet when I started. I just kept asking questions and finding resources. One of the things you can use social media for is to learn something. Don’t just use it for chatting with friends. If you want to find game designers, look them up online or on Facebook, send them an email. They are surprisingly open to helping people who have a passion for something, who are asking questions and reaching out.†- Shannon Sullivan, VP, Programs and Production at World Wide WorkshopHere are five more tips for breaking into the video game industry and thriving:
“I was one of three female interns for ‘X-Play’ and it was the first time they ever had that many women interning at the same time. I still talk to the people at ‘X-Play’ and they say that they always get more men than women applying but women are more than welcome. G4 is a great opportunity to get your foot in the industry and see what it’s about.â€Kristin’s advice for those starting out in games:
“Your entry level job in the industry may not be exactly where you want to be at this very moment and that’s OK. I worked at GameStop and while it wasn’t where I wanted to stay, it lead me to great opportunities; you should make every experience a stepping stone to where you want to be.â€Alyson Szymanski, a producer at Microsoft’s 343 Industries, shared what she looks for in an intern:
“When I interview, I am looking for someone with the aptitude for learning quickly. Do they see the big picture, work well with different types of people, understand all the different roles and have a basic understanding of that - do they have a passion for learning. Professionalism also goes a long way, such as proofreading your resumes. If shows you really care about the position you are applying for.â€Lorraine Hopping Egan, an author, writer and game designer, explained how you can create your own internship experience in your city, whether you’re in school or not:
“The NYU Game Center has a good networking community. I was amazed to walk into a room and it was just me and maybe about two other women - the rest were all guys. There should be more women there. Anyone can help test games and take their games [to the meetups] to get them tested, get exposure. If I was starting out and interested in breaking into the game business, that is what I would do: show up and be seen and connect with people by playing games and testing games.â€3. Constantly practice self-assessment and seek feedback to improve your skills. Sande Chen, Writer and Game Designer; Co-Author of Serious Games: Games That Train, Educate, and Inform, encouraged women to share their work for feedback:
“Speak up, make your voice heard and don’t be drowned out. All these young men, they want to show their stuff and don’t have a problem sharing their portfolio. You can’t be a wallflower, standing to the side. It’s a competitive industry - you need to be proud of what you’ve accomplished and feel comfortable believing in yourself.â€Amy Berciano, a recent graduate from UCLA with a BA in Design|Media Arts agreed:
“My ultimate goal is down the line to be a game designer, whether it be mechanics or story. It’s up to me to be self-motivated and do what I can, to put up content so people can respond to it. You build yourself up that way. I’m not that great at programming so I am teaching myself. I want to make a game for people to test. Right now I’m looking for internships and work that can help me build my skills, design-wise.â€4. Network, network, network: in person and online.
“Sign up for game projects online and build your network. Whether it’s in Google hangouts or IM, sharing docs, contributing to open source projects helps you put your skills into practice while meeting new people. Taking an online course is also a great way to figure out how to manage time and teams remotely. You have to get in there, figure out what’s needed, ask good questions and grab onto something and own it. Building my network came down to me telling people what I wanted to do and doing it - leading by example. I like to say that I have my GSD degree - Get Shit Done.†- Tara Tiger Brown, Entrepreneur and Technical Product Manager/WriterMore tips on how to collaborate with people within the industry:
“I’m a host for the Platform Biased podcast because I’m passionate about what I do and it’s nice to represent that there are women out there who do this work. We’re here - we’re small in number, but we’re here!†- Bex Bradley, Software Development Engineer in Test, Microsoft Game Studios
“Beyond internships, there are many professional associations you can be a part of. There are plenty of opportunities online to connect with LinkedIn members who work in the industry. There are all kinds of ways to really put yourself out there and meet people - you never know what will come out of that. You can’t be scared to follow up.†- Liz Buckley, Vice President of Marketing at Majesco Entertainment, home to Zumba Fitness Rush and other popular titles5. Keep an open mind: your perfect job may not exist - yet. Lisa Rutherford, Coliloquy’s co-founder and CEO, encourages newcomers to explore emerging opportunities in the industry:
“Monetization is one of the areas where women with softer skills can make an impact: virtual goods strategy, the virtual economy itself. This role can be called a Revenue Officer but there are different types of titles. A woman who majored in psychology and behavioral economics can be an incredibly viable person in this role. Merchandizing, figuring out how to sell people something they want - women know how these things work.â€Not everyone wants to make games - many women have built careers on writing about and supporting game culture:
“I run an editorial site but it also features playable games. It’s a fun challenge dealing with companies or smaller entities to procure new games for the site. I definitely believe in the power of self-publishing; it’s in your hands - you just have to do it. In the 90s I created GameGal.com, a games site for women, with my husband. Self-publishing led me to meeting people in the industry and other editors, so eventually my fun side project resulted in paid jobs.†- Libe Goad, Editor in Chief at Games.com, judge for both Spike TV's VGA awards and the E3 Game Critics Awards6. Don’t let any form of discrimination get in the way of your goals.
“Our industry is going through a revolution right now. The backlash, what is being seeing as misogynistic behavior, doesn’t represent the majority of male gamers, but it shows we have a long way to go. There are considerably fewer women in the video game industry, and within that population there are fewer women of color. How I’ve responded to [discrimination] is I expect it, but I don’t accept it.†- Shana T. Bryant, Senior Associate Producer at CapcomBrenda Garno Brathwaite, who has worked in game development since 1981, shared her thoughts on how representations of women and people of color in games are slowly changing and what you can do to be a part of it:
“In the past, a guy said to me ‘why are there are no black characters in video games’ and at the time I couldn’t think of any, and it was a profound experience. I was working on a game where you could be a blue fairy but not a black character, which I changed that day. Now, when I’m making games, diversity is something I’m thinking about on the forefront. If you’re working on a game and want to see more Hispanic or Asian characters, bring it up, because it sounds simple but sometimes developers just haven’t thought about it. I think these are important requests.â€Carly A. Kocurek, a doctoral candidate in American Studies at the University of Texas at Austin (who’s dissertation is a cultural history of the video game arcade in the 1970s and 1980s), suggested seeking out inspiring women who confront discrimination:
“Mattie Brice, who’s @xMattieBrice on Twitter, blogs at xgalatea.blogspot.com. She’s a games journalist and a transgender woman of color. She writes a lot about gaming from her perspective and takes on a lot of issues in gaming communities. She’s also a really nice, helpful person, so I think she’d probably be able to point you to some helpful folks.â€Catherine Dinh, an Associate Producer at Leapfrog who is Vietnamese and Queer-identified, shared her experience:
“You don’t see many Vietnamese female game developers in the industry but in my experiences, it’s been more an issue of gender than race. Overall though, I’ve had positive experiences; it helps that I grew up being able to interact with guys very easily, and in the end, everyone just wants to make a quality product. But there are some people in the industry who have an idea of how a female producer is supposed to be. There are times when you just have to be firm - some men don’t realize the context of their comments. I set my sights on game making and don’t put too much focus or energy on what’s keeping me back.â€Be aware that the road to your dream job may not be easy but don't let that discourage you; even high-profile women in the industry deal with discrimination:
"If a woman who has contributed as much to the culture, genre, and perception of gaming as Felicia Day can be dismissed as ‘a glorified booth babe’ by someone who hasn’t even bothered to read her ‘portfolio,’ then it’s safe to say that the problem is even worse on the ground for less well-known women who make their living in the industry, much less for female gamers themselves." - Wil Wheaton, American actor and writer (quote from Tumblr)
“It would be awesome if more people gained QA testing experience with indie game projects. Whether you gain it through an internship or on your own, being able to say during your interview that you have experience beta testing is very valuable, as well as being able to provide references from your team members. This breakdown [below]is specific to how we run things at Microsoft Studios. Generally across the industry there will be a group of testers and then a test lead, but here is our hierarchy within Test.â€TA: Test Associate No previous experience necessarily required. Runs tests cases and reports bugs.
“There are a number of ways to get an entry level QA position. A lot of testing is done by contract staff, so you can sign up with an agency. Normally to find this kind of work you need to live in an area where game developers are, because that is where most of the test jobs are. The industry can be very difficult to get into and there are many pros and cons. If you decide that you want to start in QA, you have to persevere and accept that contract gigs are often cut so there isn’t much job security unless it’s a staff position. You need to be able to quickly move onto the next role. If you have a degree, it makes it easier and you can often start in an STE position. It helps if you have a CS background, experience beta testing and can write test framework and automation tools.â€TA Lead Has gone through at least one project cycle. Assigns out test cases to the TAs, reports status and also gets into the build when they can. They are the POC for the core team (core team + STEs & SDETs, normally one person from this group is assigned as the Liaison to this team and ensures that they are tasked appropriately and that the quality of the passes is good). STE: Software Test Engineer Generally has some previous test experience. Writes test cases and creates passes but also runs test cases. They also write and triage bugs. SDET: Software Development Engineer in Test Can do everything an STE does but also works on test tools and automation. May run a segment of a project and have STEs reporting to them (MP lead, Single Player Lead) but always reports the status of their areas to the Test Lead. Can be deeply involved in the design and architecture of the product. Lead SDET: Test Lead Project test lead, has direct reports, manages the upper test management teams and the relationship with the Production team. Spends a lot of time in meetings and in email. Heavily involved in triage at a project level and owns the overall test plan and test effort for the project.
“I think that common personality traits of QA testers are enjoying taking things apart to see how they work, and if they were broken, figuring out why and putting them back together again. I’m from Northern Ireland and during high school I enjoyed studying tech and design, metalworking and woodworking. I like to drill down using root cause analysis: why did this happen in the first place? These are experiences are something that as a tester have been very valuable to me,†Bex explained.â€
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